Are you invest in Diamond? Are Diamonds really forever?

I'm sure everybody has seen what a diamond looks like and also what it is. Diamonds are the hardest natural substances on earth. Aside from that fact, what else do we know about it? Here are some facts you may not have known about. 


Fact 1

In the past, the Greeks and the Romans thought that the diamonds were tears of Gods and small pieces of stars. There were also the Hindus, who thought that the diamonds had so much power that they put diamonds in the eyes of some of their statues. Other people believed that an unapproachable valley in Central Asia covered by diamonds existed. One said that this valley was "kept by birds of prey and protected by snakes of mortal stare". 

Besides believing that diamonds could attract luck and success, people also thought that they could defy the astrological events. Many people used them as jewels, supposing they would be increasing their sexual power and capacity to attract. Even Plato wrote about diamonds, describing them as living creatures, impersonating divine spirits. 

Until the 15th century, only kings were allowed to use diamonds, having them as a symbol of courage, power and invincibility. But as the centuries passed by, the diamond started to acquire its status of sublime proof of love. Currently, they are related to the love, romance and myth. 

We probably will never know when the first diamond was discovered, but we do know that, from the ancient times to the 18th century, all the diamonds of the world came from India. From the period of the Roman Empire to the appearance of the first Europeans to India, in the beginning of the 16th century, the commercial relations between Europe and Eastern Asia bloomed. 


Fact 2
Diamonds are 58 times harder than corundrum, which is the second hardest natural substance on Earth. Corundrum is the stuff from which sapphires and rubies are formed.

- Only diamonds can cut or scratch other diamonds. Diamonds are the hardest natural substances known, where hardness refers to its resistance to scratching. This makes it ideal for daily wear because it can't easily be scratched. Some materials may be able to scratch flawed diamonds but the hardest can only be scratched by other diamonds.

- If placed in conditions of extreme temperatures reaching up to around 5,500 degrees Celsius or 9,932 degrees Fahrenheit, it will sublime and release carbon dioxide. Graphite and diamonds do not melt when heated, at temperatures mentioned above, they sublime into gases.


Technical fact
The melting point and boiling point, intensive physical properties. The melting point denotes the temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid. At the boiling point, a material changes from a liquid to a gas. These two characteristic temperatures of a substance are measures of the strength and the nature of the bonds that are formed within a substance.

Form	Melting Point (Celcius)	Boiling Point (Celcius)
Diamond	3550	4827
Graphite	3652 - 3697 (sublimes)	4200
Amorphous	3652 - 3697 (sublimes)	4200
Buckminsterfullerene

Are diamonds really forever?

Contrary to DeBeer's claims, a diamond is certainly not last forever. It is thermodynamically unstable relative to graphite at ambient conditions. Theoretically, the diamond you have is very slowly transforming into it's duller cousin - graphite. The most stable allotropic form of carbon is graphite. This is shown by looking at the free energy of formation, D G°f. The amount of energy required to transform one form of carbon to another can be determined by the difference between their heat of formation,D H°f, values. The degree of disorder is measured by the entropy value, S° ,of the carbon form. 
 
 

Form	D H°f(KJ/mole)	D G°f(KJ/mole)	S°(J/mole*K)
C (gas)	718.4	672.9	158.0
C (diamond)	1.88	2.84	2.43
C (graphite)	0.00	0.00	5.69
C (C60)

There you have it. These are just some of the facts I wanted to share. 


Fact 3 it is important to understand where these gems came from before we talk about how long they are likely to last -they are formed under huge amounts of pressure and high temperatures deep below the surface of the earth. Next, it is also important to know just how long they have been around too. Most scientists agree that the most recently formed diamond was probably created somewhere around 45 million years ago. Therefore, we can be pretty sure about one thing – they are not likely to be things that disappear or break easily. 

Diamonds can be shattered quite easily unlike what most people would think. A person can break a diamond just by hitting it with a hammer. The misconception comes from its title as the "hardest" natural material on Earth. What most people don't know is that, as mentioned above, hardness only refers to its resistance from scratching. It's toughness (ability to withstand breakage) is only around 3.4 MN m-3/2, which is still a good value compared to other gemstones but weaker to most engineering materials.

However, are the diamonds really forever? If they appeared miraculously, can they be destroyed? As incredible as it may seem, the small diamond that adorn the ring that you gave your wife will probably last forever - at least while Earth exists. They are the most resistant minerals of the planet, and only can be melted when displayed to a temperature of 5500°C. 

The problem is that the global atmosphere will never achieve this high temperature, even if it was to be hit by an enormous meteor that would eliminate all forms of life. They only would melt if, one day, the planet literally entered the Sun, which has a temperature of 5800°C. The curious thing is that, according to astronomers, in 7,5 billion years our planet will actually enter the Sun, when the star will be next to death. If you think diamonds will disappear then, you might be wrong. When such episode happens, the temperature of the Sun will lower to about 3000°C. That means that even when Earth reaches an atmosphere as hot and dense as Mercury’s atmosphere, we will still be able to find some small diamonds spread around.

Haha :-), would this day happen on you? I not thinking so, whilst this proves they are exceptionally resilient, it also proves one other thing. Such gems are no longer being created, or at least have not been created in many millions of years. In fact, the conditions needed for a diamond to form are no longer present on earth, meaning that whilst they might stick around for a long time, there will be a day when we simply run out. 

So, whilst nothing will ever last forever, a diamond can indeed last for longer than we will ever need, longer then you and me. All it needs is the right care and it can be the perfect gift to last a lifetime

The Best Way To Invest Money Now: How is your rate of return Investment in Human Cap...

The Best Way To Invest Money Now: How is your rate of return Investment in Human Cap...: Once I wrote to you mentioned attributes of millionaire, you must acquired skill in networking and managing talents. Today, if you hiring, ...

How is your rate of return Investment in Human Capital ?

Once I wrote to you mentioned attributes of millionaire, you must acquired skill in networking and managing talents. Today, if you hiring, you must become getting Gen Y-ers in your team. 


Investment in Human Capital is paving your path to be Billionaire....on other side of coin,it can topple down if you not adopting strategy sense in your implementation. 

On the statistic, you might realized where to recruits your business partners or  talents

Once could be frustrated and lost your investment, no promising return. below is experts thought on present hiring or recruiting issues.....
This article is from The Star Online (http://thestar.com.my)
URL: http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2012/2/19/nation/20120219070805&sec=nation

When it comes to job-hoppers, many make the quick assumption that it's all about the money. But is it?

AT the age of 29, Lee Zhern Yuen is already the chief marketing officer of a small IT healthcare service provider company.

After graduating in finance and marketing six years ago, Lee started working as a mortgage sales officer with a foreign bank. Within the same year, he was promoted to team leader. By then, he had set a new goal to become the youngest sales manager in his industry.

Opportunity knocked on his door when he was headhunted for that position in another bank in August 2008. Lee, only 25 then, jumped at the opportunity. Most of his counterparts were already in their 30s.

Changed perspective: The job-hopping trend is predominantly seen in Gen Y, and it seems it’s not always for the money — AFP

Money wasn't really a factor. My first bank was giving me a really good package, with overseas trips, bonuses and increments in addition to my basic package. But I was determined to make it as a sales manager, he says.

So why didn't he stay on to be a sales manager in his first company?

That position was not available and I couldn't wait any more. I wanted to be in a position where I could make decisions on work flow decisions which I felt my bosses then weren't making,"he explains.

The initial six months were dificult, as he had to learn new skills and set up a new office. But the hard work paid off, and for the next two years, sales were good and money kept pouring in.

By the end of the second year, my team and I were chasing industry awards and recognition. Money wasn't the motivation, he stresses. Things had become too easy and it wasn't challenging any more.

He adds that a change in the company management made the situation worse as he didn't seem to fit in.

I would drive to the office, and refuse to get out of my car for five or 10 minutes. I knew something was really wrong, and I knew it was time to move on, he relates.

Even though he has had to take a 50% pay-cut from his previous five-figure basic salary, Lee says he is really, really happy now.

Of course, I get profit-sharing benefits. So in the long run, things kind of even out, he shares.

Another job-hopper, Kamal (not his real name) has worked in many companies and different industries to arrive at his current position as a senior executive in property development. Seven companies in eight years, to be precise.

Since graduating with a degree in advertising in 2004, Kamal has worked his way through the advertising industry, food production, events management, and the retail industry before venturing into property development.

His shortest stint with a company was just one week while the longest, in the retail industry, lasted three years and seven months.

In my first three jobs as a graphic designer, I had to job-hop to get better pay. I was working really long hours, plus weekends, but the salary was low. I hopped over to the food production company because they offered me double what I was making at that time.

When I moved to events management, it was a new learning curve for me but I was willing to learn. When I moved over to retail, I was still doing events management. But I was working non-stop, weekends and public holidays. I had no life,” he says. And that was what pushed him on to his next job.

I was attracted to the flexible hours. The pay is good, and I now have my weekends off. I can have dinner with my family.


For the Gen Y-ers, they have to find meaning in their work. They must have a work-life balance, and they are not willing to go all out if it affects their ‘me-time’. - JEANNIE KHOO

When I was younger, it was about the money. But now that I'm older, my priorities have shifted. I'm thinking about relationships and family, which would not have been possible with my previous job. How can you have a family if you're never at home? he asks.

Lee and Kamal both come from Generation Y (Gen Y, those born between 1978 and 1995) and they are not alone in job-hopping.

According to Malaysian Employers Federation (MEF) executive director Shamsuddin Bardan, Malaysian companies are seeing an attrition rate of between 9.6% and a phenomenal 75%, based on its survey conducted on executive positions between June 2010 and July 2011, on 143 companies across the various sectors in the country.

The survey shows that industries with the highest annual average turnover rate in the non-manufacturing sector are IT/Communication (at 75.72%), Associations/Societies (at 33%), and Hotel/Restaurant (at 32.4%).

The manufacturing sector saw relatively lower annual average turnover rates, with the highest being the Basic & Fabricated Metallic Products (at 23.88%), Electrical & Electronics (at 23.04%), and Plastic/Rubber (at 19.92%).

Shamsuddin says this amounts to additional costs for employers as they have to recruit new staff to replace those who leave.

Shamsuddin: ‘Employers incur additional costs as they have to recruit new staff to replace those who leave.’

In a study by AON Hewitt (a human capital consulting and outsourcing firm) titled “APAC Year on Year Attrition Rate (2009-2011)”, Malaysia is placed sixth in the Asia-Pacific in 2011 for staff turnover with a 15.9% attrition rate.

The study places us behind China (24.4%), Australia (19%), India (18.6%), Hong Kong (16.3%) and Indonesia (16.1%). Clearly, the job-hopping trend is not limited to Malaysia.

According to Kelly Services,Marketing Director for Singapore and Malaysia Jeannie Khoo, this trend is predominantly seen in Gen Y, and no, it's not always just about the money.

For the Gen Y-ers, they have to find meaning in their work. They must have a work-life balance, and they are not willing to go all out if it affects their me-time'.

Don't get me wrong though, it's a very healthy attitude. Otherwise they will get burnout easily, she says. But does this mean the Gen Y-ers are not a hardworking bunch?

No. To be fair to them, they do work hard. It's not that they come in (to work) and then just laze around. Some employers will say that their staff is demanding, and that they want to work from home. But with technology advancing, and Gen Y mastering the technology aspect very well, is it possible today? I say it is.”

Khoo adds that many companies, especially the bigger multinational companies (MNCs), government-linked companies (GLCs) and conglomerates, are sitting up and taking note.

These companies are now recognising employees as talents, and along with that, talent management and retention.


Policy change: Companies are now recognising employees as talents, and along with that, talent management and retention to discourage job-hopping. — AFP

Companies are now looking at training, career development and succession plans. They are engaging with their employees better. They are offering better healthcare packages for their employees and their immediate family members, and this doesn't come cheap.


But when you have a pool of employees who are healthy and happy, you're also looking at less medical leave, which in turn increases productivity. It's a win-win situation. If you don't invest in your employees, it's likely that they won't stay long, she says.

Job-hopping does have its dangers though, Khoo warns.

It doesn't augur well for a person to job-hop too often. If one leaves the company in less than six months, companies would usually understand if it happens once.


But if this happens up to two or three times, it will definitely set off the alarm bells for employers, she says.

So where does company loyalty fit in for the Gen Y-ers?

Lee has this to say: I think it's really hard for companies to get loyalty today as it's really not just about the money. If it was, they'll only be hiring mercenaries.

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KL shares to rise towards 1,600 points level next week

Share prices are expected to rise towards the 1,600 points level next week on Bursa Malaysia boosted by strong local and better than expected global economic data.

The positive sentiment would also be driven by continuous optimism over Greece’s new agreement on austerity reforms, strong funds inflow on prospects of added liquidity from major central banks and rising global equity market.

We believe the long awaited news that Greek politicians had reached a deal on austerity measures, may pave the way for the country to receive a second bail out and avoid a disorderly default on its debt.

In addition, we anticipate the global markets to be further supported from easy interest rate policy decisions announced by European central banks and the Bank Of England last week.

The outperformance shown by emerging markets would also be an added boost to local shares over the near-term.

Going forward, we expect the local market to extend its gains following the strong bullish breakout last week, boosted by gains in selected blue chips and strong rotational plays in lower liners.

The ringgit’s rally and the FTSE Bursa Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Composite Index’s (FBM KLCI) steady gains suggested that the broader market risk appetite on the local assets had improved.

Any breakout above the 1,565 points mark could pave the way for further gains towards the all-time FBM KLCI high of 1,597 points level.

For the week just-ended, the local bourse experienced positive sentiment for the three consecutive trading days.

The highest single-day trading volume, thus far, since the year began was recorded on Wednesday at 4.39 billion shares, a level last seen in February 2007

However, slow progress on Greece’s debt talk influenced sentiment on the local bourse which saw the FBM KLCI gaining on Wednesday and Thursday on active retail participation in penny stocks and selected blue-chips.

Profit taking emerged on Friday to trim earlier gains. On a weekly basis, the FBM KLCI increased 22.89 points to 1,561.66, the Finance Index surged 272.1 points to 13,859.41 and Industrial Index rose 30 points to 2,901.28. The Plantation Index advanced 140.36 points to 8,878.28, the FBM Emas Index jumped 149.97 points to 10,883.76, FBM Mid 70 Index perked 85.3 points to 12,491.83 and the FBM ACE Index chalked up 208.96 points to 4,745.59.

Total weekly volume increased to 11.06 billion shares, worth RM9.08 billion, from 9.52 billion shares, worth RM9.2 billion, registered last week.